Dig是一个在类Unix命令行模式下查询DNS包括NS记录，A记录，MX记录等相关信息的工具。Dig的源码是ISC BIND大包的一部分，但是大多编译和安装Bind的文档都不把它包括在内，但是在linux系统下，它通常是某个包的一部分，在Gentoo下是bind-tools，在Redhat/Fedora下是 bind-utils，或者在Debian下是 dnsutils。
查询单个域名的 DNS 信息
命令最典型的用法就是查询单个主机的信息。
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$digwww.linuxidc.com;>DiG9.11.3-1Ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>www.linuxidc.com;;globaloptions:+cmd;;Gotanswer:;;->>HEADER#53(127.0.0.53);;WHEN:SunMar0310:55:35CST2019;;MSGSIZErcvd:77dig 命令默认的输出信息比较丰富，大概可以分为。 5 个部分
第一部分显示 dig 命令的版本和输入的参数。 第二部分显示服务返回的一些技术详情，比较重要的是 status。如果 status 的值为 NOERROR 则说明本次查询成功结束。 第三部分中的 “QUESTION SECTION” 显示我们要查询的域名。 第四部分的 “ANSWER SECTION” 是查询到的结果。 第五部分则是本次查询的一些统计信息，比如用了多长时间，查询了哪个 DNS 服务器 ，在什么时间进行的查询等等。
默认情况下 dig 命令查询 A 记录，上图中显示的 A 即说明查询的记录类型为 A 记录。在尝试查询其它类型的记录前让我们先来了解一下常见的 DNS 记录类型。
常见 DNS 记录的类型
类型目的
A 地址记录，用来指定域名的 IPv4 地址，如果需要将域名指向一个 IP 地址，就需要添加 A 记录。 AAAA 用来指定主机名(或域名)对应的 IPv6 地址记录。 CNAME 如果需要将域名指向另一个域名，再由另一个域名提供 ip 地址，就需要添加 CNAME 记录。 MX 如果需要设置邮箱，让邮箱能够收到邮件，需要添加 MX 记录。 NS 域名服务器记录，如果需要把子域名交给其他 DNS 服务器解析，就需要添加 NS 记录。 SOA SOA 这种记录是所有区域性文件中的强制性记录。它必须是一个文件中的第一个记录。 TXT 可以写任何东西，长度限制为 255。绝大多数的 TXT记录是用来做 SPF 记录(反垃圾邮件)。
查询 CNAME 类型的记录
除了A记录，常见的DNS记录还有CNAME，我们可以在查询时指定要查询的DNS记录类型：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$digm.linuxidc.comCNAME;>DiG9.11.3-1ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>m.linuxidc.comCNAME;;globaloptions:+cmd;;Gotanswer:;;->>HEADER#53(127.0.0.53);;WHEN:SunMar0311:20:34CST2019;;MSGSIZErcvd:43这样结果中就只有 CNAME 的记录。其实我们可以在查询中指定任何 DNS 记录的类型。
从指定的 DNS 服务器上查询
由于一些原因，希望从指定的 DNS 服务器上进行查询(从默认的 DNS 服务器上获得的结果可能不准确)。指定 DNS 服务器的方式为使用 @ 符号：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$dig@8.8.8.8m.linuxidc.com;>DiG9.11.3-1ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>@8.8.8.8m.linuxidc.com;(1serverfound);;globaloptions:+cmd;;Gotanswer:;;->>HEADER#53(8.8.8.8);;WHEN:SunMar0311:21:48CST2019;;MSGSIZErcvd:75从上图可以看到本次查询的 DNS 服务器为 8.8.8.8。
如果不指定 DNS 服务器，dig 会依次使用 /etc/resolv.conf 里的地址作为 DNS 服务器：
Linux下解析域名命令-dig 命令使用详解Linux下解析域名命令-dig 命令使用详解
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$digm.linuxidc.com上面查询的 DNS 服务器就变成了：
反向查询
在前面的查询中我们指定了查询服务器为 8.8.8.8，这是谁家的 DNS 服务器？其实我们可以使用 dig 的 -x 选项来反向解析 IP 地址对应的域名：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$dig-x8.8.8.8+shortgoogle-public-dns-a.google.com.好吧，应该是Google的，可以放心使用了。
控制显示结果
dig 命令默认返回的结果展示详细的信息，如果要获得精简的结果可以使用 +short 选项：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$dig+shortm.linuxidc.com122.228.238.15106.119.182.141这下显示的结果就清爽多了。
其实我们还可以通过更多选项来控制输出的内容，比如只想显示 “ANSWER SECTION” 的内容：
Linux下解析域名命令-dig 命令使用详解Linux下解析域名命令-dig 命令使用详解
这个结果很不错，就是使用的选项太多了(dig 命令有很多这样的选项，详情请参考使用手册)。我们可以换一种优雅一些的方式来实现和上面相同的结果：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$digm.linuxidc.com+noall+answer;>DiG9.11.3-1ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>m.linuxidc.com+noall+answer;;globaloptions:+cmdm.linuxidc.com.5INA113.107.238.212m.linuxidc.com.5INA122.228.238.15跟踪整个查询过程
如果你好奇 dig 命令执行查询时都经历了哪些过程，你可以尝试使用 +trace 选项。它会输出从根域到最终结果的所有信息：
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$digsohu.com@202.102.134.68-p53-tMX+trace;>DiG9.11.3-1ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>sohu.com@202.102.134.68-p53-tMX+trace;;globaloptions:+cmd.482761INNSf.root-servers.net..482761INNSa.root-servers.net..482761INNSc.root-servers.net..482761INNSb.root-servers.net..482761INNSj.root-servers.net..482761INNSd.root-servers.net..482761INNSk.root-servers.net..482761INNSe.root-servers.net..482761INNSh.root-servers.net..482761INNSi.root-servers.net..482761INNSm.root-servers.net..482761INNSg.root-servers.net..482761INNSl.root-servers.net.;;Received239bytesfrom202.102.134.68com.172800INNSd.gtld-servers.net.上图中显示的并不是一个完整的结果，感兴趣的朋友可以自己尝试。
显示13个根域服务器
Internet上有13个根域服务器，使用不加参数的dig命令显示这些服务器信息
linuxidc@linuxidc:~$dig;>DiG9.11.3-1ubuntu1.5-Ubuntu>;;globaloptions:+cmd;;Gotanswer:;;->>HEADER#53(127.0.0.53);;WHEN:SunMar0311:37:11CST2019;;MSGSIZErcvd:239所有不规则的过去式动词
一、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）：cost cost cost cut cut cutlet let let put put putread read read二、ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）：bring brought broughtbuild built builtbuy bought boughtcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfind found foundget got gothave had hadhear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept kept※learn learnt learntleave left leftlend lent lentmake made mademeet met metpay paid paidsay said saidsell sold soldsend sent sentshine shone shonesit sat satsleep slept slept※smell smelt smeltspend spent spentstand stood stoodteach taught taughttell told toldthink thought thoughtunderstand understoodunderstood三、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各异）：be waswere beenbegin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke brokendo did donedraw drew drawndrink drank drunkdrive drove driveneat ate eatenfall fell fallenfly flew flownforget forgot forgottengive gave givengo went gonegrow grew grownknow knew knownlie lay lainride rode riddenring rang rungsee saw seenshow showed shownsing sang sungspeak spoke spokenswim swam swumtake took takenthrow threw thrownwake woke wokenwear wore wornwrite wrote written四、ABA型（原形与过去分词同形）：become became becomecome came come五、AAB型（原形与过去式同形）：beat beat beaten
move的过去式过去分词，现在时态
arise awake bear beat become begin bend beset bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build burn burst buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig dive do draw dream drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fit flee fling fly forbid forget forego/forgo forgive forsake foretell freeze get give go grind grow hang hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel know lay lead lean leap learn leave lend let lie light lose make mean meet misspell mistake mow overcome overdo overtake overthrow pay plead prove put quit read rid ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set sew shake shear shed shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slay slide sling slit smell smite sow speak speed spell spend spill spin spit split spoil spread spring stand steal stick sting stink stride strike strive swear sweep swell swim swing take teach tear tell think thrive throw thrust tread understand uphold upset wake wear weave wed weep win wind withdraw withhold withstand wring writearose awoke bore beat became began bent beset bet/betted bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug dived/dove (AmE) did drew dreamt/dreamed drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fit fled flung flew forbade forgot forewent forgave forsook foretold froze got gave went ground grew hung hanged had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knew laid led leant/leaned leapt/leaped learnt/learned left lent let lay lit/lighted lost made meant met misspelt/misspelled mistook mowed overcame overdid overtook overthrew paid pleaded/plead proved put quit read rid rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set sewed shook sheared shed shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slept slew slid slung slit smelt/smelled smote sowed spoke sped/speeded spelt/spelled spent spilt/spilled spun spat split spoilt/spoiled spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank strode struck strove swore swept swelled swam swung took taught tore told thought thrived/throve threw thrust trod understood upheld upset woke/waked wore wove/weaved wedded/wed wept won wound withdrew withheld withstood wrung wrotearisen awoken borne beaten become begun bent beset bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built burnt/burned burst bought cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug dived done drawn dreamt/dreamed drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fit fled flung flown forbidden forgotten foregone forgiven forsaken foretold frozen got/gotten (AmE) given gone ground grown hung hanged had heard hidden hit held hurt kept knelt known laid led lean/leaned leapt/leaped learnt/learned left lent let lain lit/lighted lost made meant met misspelt/misspelled mistaken mown/mowed overcome overdone overtaken overthrown paid pleaded/plead proved/proven put quit read rid ridden rung risen run sawn/sawed said seen sought sold sent set sewn/sewed shaken sheared/shorn shed shone shot shown/showed shrunk shut sung sunk sat slept slayed/slain slid slung slit smelt/smelled smitten sown/sowed spoken sped/speeded spelt/spelled spent spilt/spilled spun spat split spoilt/spoiled spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk stridden struck striven sworn swept swelled/swollen swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrived thrown thrust trodden understood upheld upset woken/waked worn woven/weaved wedded/wed wept won wound withdrawn withheld withstood wrung written
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